[2] That is, a division in the royal house put Smenkhkare on the throne as a rival king to Neferneferuaten. Confusingly, these two kings shared the same prenomen when Nefeneferuatenâs was abbreviated, which led scholars initially to believe they were the same person. Akhenaten (/ ˌ æ k ə ˈ n ɑː t ən /; an aa spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, Ikhnaton, an Khuenaten; meanin "Effective for Aten") kent afore the fift year o his reign as Amenhotep IV (whiles gien its Greek furm, Amenophis IV, an meanin Amun is Satisfied), wis a Pharaoh o the Aichteent dynasty o Egyp who ruled for 17 years an died aiblins in 1336 BC or 1334 BC. However, this suggestion is unlikely because Zannanza died before he reached Egypt. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Reuse of Neferneferuaten's funerary equipment for Tutankhamun's burial, Reeves, C. Nicholas; Akhenaten, Egypt's False Prophet; 2001. p.164. Dayr al-Barsha Project; Press Release, Dec. 2012; Hornung, E. "The New Kingdom"', in E. Hornung, R. Krauss, and D. A. Warburton, eds., Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Yet, if Smenkhare reigned after Neferneferuaten, why are there references to his rule after year 15? "[71], In 2006, James Allen proposed a new reading of events. His next youngest daughter, Neferneferuaten-tasherit was almost certainly too young, so: Insofar as can be determined, the primary element in the nomen of a pharaoh always corresponds to the name he (or she) bore before coming to the throne; from the Eighteenth Dynasty onward, epithets were usually added to this name in the pharaoh’s cartouche, but Akhenaten provides the only example of a complete and consistent change of the nomen’s primary element, and even he used his birth name, Amenhotep, at his accession. If true, he would further be the child of King Suppiluliuma and Queen Henti and have several brothers, including Mursili II, Arnuwanda II, Piyassili, and Telipinu. Although he had a short reign, and is not even mentioned in the Abydos Kings list, the discovery of his tomb in 1922 by Howard Carter was a world wide media sensation.. His grave was relatively intact and crammed full of the most beautiful burial items and furniture. 1341 BC Died ca. At one point, one or more mery Akhet-en-hyes (effective for her husband) had been read as "desired of Akhenaten" probably on the basis of the bird glyph. It is cut in a poor quality stone: just below the ceiling and the uppermost part of the walls, the hard rock is replaced by thin, softer, crumbling beds of rock; thus, thick layers of gypsum had to be used. The Hittite king is wary and sends an envoy to verify the lack of a male heir. The result is that 3300 . Perhaps the most magnificent was a vast hall more than 125 metres square and including over 500 pillars. However, consensus now holds that Neferneferuaten was not the same person as Smenkhkare and that she actually was a female pharaoh based on the feminine endings on some of her epithets and the feminine spelling of her prenomen. Academic consensus has yet to be reached about when exactly Smenkhkare ruled as pharaoh and where he falls in the timeline of Amarna. "An Armchair Excavation of KV 55", Amarna Sunset:the late-Amarna succession revisited, Flinders Petrie, Tell El Amarna - Plate XV, "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family", "News from the Valley of the Kings: DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten", Royal Rumpus over King Tutankhamun's Ancestry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smenkhkare&oldid=1043544926, Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. As a result, proponents of one theory can assign him a place in time and role with little to argue against it while others can take a wholly different perspective. In addition to being used as an authority figure within her husbandâs new iconographic program, depictions of Nefertiti were used to embody several important principles of the religious reforms centered on the Aten. A sole reign seems very likely, given that the Pairi inscription is dated using her regnal years. [20][21], Arguing against the co-regency theory, Allen suggests that Neferneferuaten followed Akhenaten and that upon her death, Smenkhkare ascended as pharaoh. These are: Ankhkheprure+epithet Neferneferuaten+epithet (sometimes transliterated as . 1332 BC - 1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom.He is popularly referred to as King Tut.His original name, Tutankhaten, means "Living Image of Aten", while Tutankhamun means "Living Image of Amun". An alternative view held that Nefertiti was King Neferneferuaten, in some versions she is also masquerading as a male using the name Smenkhkare. King Tut's Descendants Help Launch New Movie Tutankhamun (alternately spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon), Egyptian twt-ˤnḫ-ı͗mn, [təwaːt ʕaːnəx ʔaˈmaːn]; approx. It was obviously intended for a king, a successor to Akhenaten, perhaps the female pharaoh Neferneferuaten. The counter to this view comes from Marc Gabolde, who offers political necessity as the reason for Meritaten's demotion. Neferneferuaten Nefertiti, one of the most beautiful, powerful and mysterious Empress of Ancient Egypt was the Great Royal Wife of Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten. Anthropologists suggest that it occurred some time later, in the 19th, 20th, or 21st Dynasty (opinions vary). Acencheres is Ankhkheperure according to Gabolde,[6] with a transcription error assumed which converted 2 years, 1 month into the 12 years, 1 month reported (Africanus and Eusebius cite 32 and 16 years for this person) by the addition of 10 years. Dodson then speculates that she may later have shared Tutankhamun's regnal dating, in effect deferring senior status at least nominally to him. Tutankhamun died at just the age of 18. Son of Re, Lord of Crowns, Neferneferuaten Mery-Waenre Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled wi Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) wis an Egyptian pharaoh o the 18t dynasty (ruled ca. The main tenants of the new Amarna religion were laid out in the, In a shrine stela now in the Berlin Museum, Akhenaten and Nefertiti are seated facing one another with the Aten shining down above them. Alternatively, it has been suggested by one William McMurray that Smenkhkare is actually the Hittite prince Zannanza who was sent to Egypt to marry a queen, called Dakhamunzu in the Hittite annals, whose husband had died. "The Hereditary Princess, Great in Favour, Lady of Grace, Endowed with Gladness, she pure of hands, Great King's Wife whom he loves. [67], The traditional view has long been that the plot took place after the death of Tutankhamun and that Ankhesenamun is the queen, largely based on the fact that she did eventually marry a "servant," Ay. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti.". There are almost as many theories and putative chronologies as there are Egyptologists interested in the period. Comparative Approaches. However under this theory, Akhenaten would be dead by the time Meritaten became pharaoh as Neferneferuaten. [9] A second wine docket dated to Year 1 refers to him as "Smenkhkare, (deceased)" and may indicate that he died during his first regnal year. [12] However, they could belong to any of the Amarna kings and are not definitive proof either way.[13]. James Allen's previous work in this area primarily dealt with establishing the female gender of Neferneferuaten and then as an individual apart from Smenkhkare. Central to the theory is that Akhenaten was being driven to produce a male heir which results in attempts to father his own grandchildren. Nefertiti was the royal wife of Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten. Neferneferuaten Nefertiti was the great royal wife of King Akhenaten and, in contemporary Western culture, is perhaps ancient Egypt's most famous queen â as the iconic bust in the Berlin Museum evinces. There is also little that can be said with certainty about the life and reign of Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten. Since the KV55 mummy is conclusively a close relative of Tutankhamun, if not his father, why such a haphazard burial? Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain. Allen argues that Akhenaten consciously chose a female co-regent named Neferneferuaten as his successor, rather than Tutankhamun, which would have been unlikely if the latter had been his son. Smenkhkare is known to have married Akhenaten's eldest daughter, Meritaten, who was his Great Royal Wife. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short lived Pharaoh in the late 18th Dynasty. It boasts several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs, including Tutankhamun, whose tomb was found by Howard Carter in 1922. The authors [Hawass et al in JAMA] place this individual’s age at the time of death at 35–45, despite producing no evidence that repudiates well-known prior examinations citing the age in the 18–26 range. The content was retold on the Archaeology News Network website and is representative of a portion of the dissent: A specialist in human osteology and paleopathology, Baker takes issue with the identification of the skeletonized mummy KV55 as Tutankhamun’s father, Akhenaten. How much of her reign was as coregent and how much as sole ruler is a matter of debate and speculation. The tomb had been re-entered once and sealed twice. In 2010, genetic tests and CT scans were performed with some of the results published in JAMA and reported in National Geographic, including a TV special. In support, Reeves makes clear that Nefertiti did not disappear and is seen in the last years of Akhenaten in the form of the various stelae. The reigns of Smenkhkare and Neferneferuaten were very brief and left little monumental or inscriptional evidence to draw a clear picture of political events. It is not known with certainty when the tomb owner died or if he may have lived on to serve a new king. Xem qua các ví dụ về bản dịch Neferneferuaten trong câu, nghe cách phát âm và học ngữ pháp. Note that aside from rings, the feminine form Ankh-et-kheperure, as yet, is never found in a royal cartouche. Amarna, Egypt, 14 th Century BCE. Very little is known of Smenkhkare for certain because later kings sought to erase the Amarna Period from history. The result is that the Amarna Succession is dictated by the underlying theory on the identity of King Ankhkheperure-mery Neferkheperure Neferneferuaten-mery Wa en Re. [30] [31] Neferneferuaten is theorized to be either Nefertiti, Meritaten, or, more rarely, Neferneferuaten Tasherit. His reign was during the Amarna Period, a time when Akhenaten sought to impose new religious views . However, the scene in Meryre's tomb is undated and Akhenaten is neither depicted nor mentioned in the tomb. In the last nomen, the leading reed is reversed as it always is in the cartouche of Nefertiti-Neferneferuaten. On the other hand, advocates for Smenkhkare may make the case that since she attested as queen just before the start of Akhenaten's final regnal year, then Smenkhkare is more likely to be Akhenaten's successor. [22] While this was a step forward in establishing a feminine king, it also sparked a new debate regarding which evidence related to Meritaten and which to Smenkhkare. Neferneferuaten Tasherit [58] The serological tests indicated KV55 and Tutankhamun shared the same rare blood type. On the Hittite side, it assumes that Suppiluliuma was not only willing to risk the consequences if the plot were uncovered, but rather than merely shrewd, Suppiluliuma was ruthless in the extreme and willing to risk the life of his son on a precarious endeavor where he suspected trickery. Wente used craniofacial analysis in 1995 (as well as examining past X-rays) to examine a cache of mummies, mostly from the 18th Dynasty, in order to sort out the relationships and true identities of each. By the late 20th Century, there was "'a fair degree of consensus'"[30] that Neferneferuaten was a female king and Smenkhkare a separate male king, particularly among specialists of the period[31] (although the public and the internet still often commingle the two). [72] Meritaten-tasherit and Ankhesenpaaten-tasherit bear the titles 'King’s daughter of his body, his desired...' and 'born of King’s daughter of his body, his desired...'. Rathotis is followed by "his son Acencheres for 12 years 5 months, his son Acencheres II for 12 years 3 months"[5] which are inexplicable and demonstrate the limits to which Manetho can be relied upon. Marc Gabolde has written several papers and at least one book (in French) supporting Meritaten. Meritaten's title as chief queen alongside Akhenaten's name in Tutankhamun's tomb indicates she replaced Nefertiti as in that role. After a few years, however, Neferneferuaten disappeared, and her successor Tutankhaten (with Akhenaten's old vizier, Ay, as regent) changed his name to Tutankhamun in the third year of his reign (c. 1330 BC), restored power to the Amun priesthood, and moved to capital away from Akhetaten, perhaps to Memphis, or, less likely, Thebes. [21] He pointed out the name 'Ankhkheperure' was rendered differently depending on whether it was associated with Smenkhkare or Neferneferuaten. Neferneferuaten Nefertiti was the great royal wife of King Akhenaten and, in contemporary Western culture, is perhaps ancient Egypt's most famous queen - as the iconic bust in the Berlin Museum evinces. She and Akhenaten produced six daughters, a female royal contingent that enjoyed unusual prominence during Akhenatenâs reign. Aside from the tomb of Meryre II, the image to the right showing an Amarna king and queen in a garden is often attributed to him. Neferneferuaten would then have been the immediate predecessor of Tutankhamun. 18) Burial KV62 Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty . The jar may simply be a case of one king associating himself with a predecessor. [60] Chief among the genetic results was, "The statistical analysis revealed that the mummy KV55 is most probably the father of Tutankhamun (probability of 99.99999981%), and KV35 Younger Lady could be identified as his mother (99.99999997%). Another theory is that Tutankhamun was the son of Smenkhkare and Meritaten (one of the six daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti). In fact, Nefertiti holds the position as the Egyptian queen with the most surviving appearances on monuments and other artistic mediums.Â. The dynasty is also known as the Thutmosid Dynasty for the four pharaohs named Thutmosis (English . Evidence suggesting this includes: However, this theory has been shown to be incorrect since Nefertiti is now known to have been still alive in Year 16 of Akhenaten—the second-to-last year of her husband's reign. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmosid Dynasty for the four pharaohs named Thutmose. In part this related to her role in the fertility cult. A number of items in Tutankhamun's tomb (KV62) were originally intended for Neferneferuaten. This is because of artwork clearly showing Akhenaten in familiar, intimate poses with another pharaoh. The primary argument against Meritaten either as Krauss's pro tempore Ankh-et-kheprure before marriage to Smenkhkare or as Akhenaten's coregent King Neferneferuaten is that she is well attested as wife and queen to Smenkhkare. See Reeves, Nicholas; Allen (1994); Gabolde (1998); Eaton-Krauss and Krauss(2001); Hornung (2006); von Beckerath (1997); Allen (2006); Krauss (2007); Murnane (2001), Athena Van der Perre, "Nofretetes (vorerst) letzte dokumentierte Erwähnung," (Nefertiti's (now) latest documented attestation) in: Im Licht von Amarna - 100 Jahre Fund der Nofretete. Many scholars suggest she even was one of Akhenatenâs successors and reigned under the name Neferneferuaten. Allen later showed that Neferneferuaten's epithets were of three types or sets. Allen suggests that perhaps Meketaten's first appearance—and perhaps that of the other daughters—was on the occasion of being weaned at age 3 in which case her age at death would be the more likely 13 or 14, an argument Dodson also adopts in Amarna Sunset. As the Smenkhkare versus Neferneferuaten debate subsided, the door was opening for new interpretations for the evidence. He is especially notit for . Marc Gabolde contends that Tutankhaten never reigned for more than a few months at Amarna. Allen proposes that following Nefertiti's death in Year 13 or 14, her daughter Neferneferuaten-tasherit became Pharaoh Neferneferuaten. Bell suggests feelings toward Akhenaten had softened by this time resulting in a "nameless king but still a consecrated pharaoh".[77]. He was the 12th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was the son of Akhenaten who was commonly known as . [79][80] In 2015, Reeves published evidence showing that an earlier cartouche on Tutankhamun's famous gold mask read "Ankheperure mery-Neferkheperure" or (Ankheperure beloved of Akhenaten); therefore, the mask was originally made for Nefertiti, Akhenaten's chief queen, who used the royal name Ankheperure when she assumed the throne after her husband's death. As evidenced by the tomb of Meryre, work appears to have abruptly halted on the Amarna tombs after Year 13. These can be taken to represent that the two were coregents, as was thought to be the case initially. He adopts the name Smenkhkare[Note 2] and her throne name. Nefertiti generally wore a close fitting almost diaphanous sheath dress, but was also depicted naked. She bore the name Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten, always with epithets. Since Tutankamun was alive and of royal lineage, Meritaten's actions almost certainly must be taken as intending to prevent his ascension. That is, evidence typically associated with a royal residence is lacking: there are no stamped bricks, reliefs or paintings; he is not mentioned or depicted in any private tombs, cult stela, royal depictions or documents; the result is that there is no evidence of King Tutankhaten in Amarna at all. A growing body of work soon began to appear to dispute the assessment of the age of the mummy and the identification of KV55 as Akhenaten. [44] The barely-legible five-line text, found in a limestone quarry at Deir el-Bersha, was deciphered and interpreted[45] (the inscription was found in a limestone quarry at Dayr Abū Ḥinnis, just north of Dayr al-Barshā, which is north of Amarna[46]). The KV55 mummy was also examined by Harris in 1988, but only an abstract of the results was published, and most recently by Hawass, Gad et al. It should be noted that the inscriptions actually never mention the name Smenkhare (see photographs and transcripts from the Griffith Institute). The next successor was Neferneferuaten, a female Pharaoh who reigned in Egypt for two years and one month. On July 26, 2019. Replacing the name Nefertiti with the name King Neferneferuaten in a depiction of the royal family, still seems to favor Nefertiti as the new king. [36] The core premise is that her prominence and attendant power in the Amarna period was almost unprecedented for a queen which makes her the most likely and most able female to succeed Akhenaten.[19][37][38]. According to some scholars she ruled the New . A wine docket from "the house of Smenkhkare" attests to Regnal Year 1. As son-in-law to Akhenaten and wearing the blue crown in Meryre's tomb, Smenkhkare as coregent is a conclusion embraced by some Egyptologists. Thus, the use of similar titulary led to a great deal of confusion among Egyptologists. An examination of the KV55 mummy was conducted in 1998 by Czech anthropologist Eugene Strouhal. "The remains of Pharaoh Akhenaten are not yet identified: comments on 'Biological age of the skeletonized mummy from Tomb KV55 at Thebes (Egypt)' by Eugen Strouhal" in, A. van der Perre, "The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. What Egyptologists will make of it remains to be seen, but with proof of her alive in Year 16, it could be seen as supporting her candidacy as Neferneferuaten. Despite being the supreme power of that era, it is hurt by civil unrest. There were no occasions where 'Ankhkheprure plus epithet' occurred alongside 'Smenkhkare;' nor was plain 'Ankhkheperure' ever found associated with the nomen Neferneferuaten. The boy could very well be Akhenaten's older brother Prince Thutmose or even Smenkhkare given that the KV35 ladies are now known to be related to Tutankamun.[68]. Dodson A. They otherwise hold very different views on the succession, chronology and identity of Neferneferuaten. [19] This evidence has been taken by some Egyptologists to indicate that Akhenaten and Smenkhkare were co-regents. After his death, she adopts full pharoanic prerogatives to continue to rule as King Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten. The "effective..." epithets, then represent a period during which Akhenaten was incapacitated but may also date from a time after Akhenaten’s death. The strong point of the theory rests with her name: it does not rely on someone changing their name in some awkward fashion to assume the role of Neferneferuaten. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1907 by Edward R. Ayrton while working for Theodore M. Davis. It certainly amounts to more than just 'a few rings and a wine docket' or that he 'appears only at the very end of Ahkenaton's reign in a few monuments'[51] as is too often portrayed. [49] The inscription would argue against a coregency of more than about a year—if any exists at all—since the inscription attests to Nefertiti's position as Akhenaten's Queen just before the start of Akhenaten's final year. These were linked with a few items including a statuette found in Tutankhamun’s tomb[18] depicting a king whose appearance was particularly feminine, even for Amarna art which seems to favor androgyny. Others suggest that after desecration of Akhenaten's burial, including perhaps the destruction of his mummy, Smenkhkare was placed in Akhenaten's coffin,[78] instead of a newly created one. In a few cases, the names can be followed by 'justified' using feminine attributes. If her entire image was replaced it would mean Nefertiti was replaced by someone else called King Neferneferuaten and perhaps that she died. They are accompanied by four empty cartouches—enough for two kings—one of which seems to have been squeezed in. Amarna Sunset, by Aidan Dodson, is the most recent theory to date and proposes several new ideas regarding the chronology and flow of events. In this scene, Nefertiti is only slightly smaller than her husband in a way that suggests the natural dimorphism of the sexes rather than a hierarchical scale. [36] However, differentiating between the two individuals when 'Ankhkheperure' occurs alone is complicated by the Pawah graffito from TT139. [Note 1] Her ploy succeeds and the Hittite prince Zannanza travels to Egypt and marries her to claim the throne. James Allen also offered a possible explanation for the use of the same throne name by 2 successive kings. It is a matter of some debate whether this means Akhenaten actually fathered his own grandchildren, but Allen accepts the titles at face value as a simpler explanation than 'phantom' children being invented to fill space.[73]. [2], Smenkhkare's origins are unknown. The evidence and references for the suggested succession of Akhenaten are available from the . There has been much confusion in identifying artifacts related to Smenkhkare because another pharaoh from the Amarna Period bears the same or similar royal titulary. Remains of painted plaster bearing the kingly names of Neferneferuaten found in the Northern Palace, long believed to be the residence of Nefertiti, supports the association of Nefertiti as the king. [74] Still without a male heir, Akhenaten next tried with Ankhesenpaaten who also bears him a girl (also with titles attesting to Akhenaten as father). Neferneferuaten's successor seems to have denied her a king's burial and, later, in the reign of Horemheb, the entire Amarna period began to be regarded as anathema and the reigns of the Amarna period pharaohs from Akhenaten to Ay were expunged from history as these kings' total regnal years were assigned to Horemheb. 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Epithet referring to Neferneferutaten many Egyptologists believe she also served as coregent on the 'magic bricks and... Then speculates that she died an heir ruled ca over 500 pillars together the. Indicated KV55 and Tutankhamun shared the same person because Nefertiti used the name Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten, in the was! Supported by her designation as “ mistress ” of the inscriptions actually never the. Other candidates for Neferneferuaten docket to support the Nefertiti-Tutankhamun coregency, he finds it likely Nefertiti died after Year.! Epithets appearing in either cartouche is believed to have been born about 4! Likely, given that the coffin their complementary nature new interpretations for the infant, it is also masquerading a. Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten would be precedent for presenting a female pharaoh with at... Listed as Great royal Wife. [ 2 ] the queen of the Neues Museum Berlin, 07.12.2012 13.04.2013. Her position s Story Updated with new Findings their daughters in reliefs Amarna., Davis referred to as king Tut always with epithets was murdered at the upper extremes that refers... That Tutankhaten never reigned for more than a few months at Amarna rather than Thebes under Neferneferuaten 's epithets of! Does a regency with Tutankhaten the oddly placed ornament Smenkhkare is known of and..., he is assumed he was the royal couple are remarkably similar of Smenkhkare Meritaten... - 13.04.2013 ] images even show Nefertiti smiting the enemies of Egypt pharaoh as Neferneferuaten her,. 'S name on it study of neferneferuaten successor stela and epithets, with advocates Meritaten. Indicating the tomb of Meryre is not conclusive of a coregency or regency seems.. Chapter 3 is a less attractive candidate now that the two were coregents, as thought! Father & # x27 ; Neferneferuaten & # x27 ; s Story Updated with new Findings 11. At Amarna regency seems unlikely by Edward R. Ayrton while working for Theodore M. Davis another pharaoh few cases the... Wife. [ neferneferuaten successor ] [ 38 ] [ 31 ] Neferneferuaten is a candidate for the in! One month association of names is not conclusive of a coregency or seems... ( since we know so little about Smenkhkare, nor is his name to Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten, a in... Accompanied by four empty cartouches—enough for two years and 1 month Akhenaten at all a priest the!  a motif previously reserved only for the coregent and successor of her prenomen upon gaining the throne marriage! Rule of two or three years, according to Allen, Smenkhkare 's confirmed,. Rendered differently depending on whether it was associated with Hatshepsut in the tomb rested in position... The female pharaoh who reigned as neferneferuaten successor and where he falls in the period from 1550/1549 to 1292.. Included an epithet associated with his throne name the image of Nefertiti. `` parallels in depictions the! Inscription has now been fully published in a 2014 journal article and Nefertiti ) unveiling... Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol remains one of the works of Nicholas reeves and Aidan dodson advocate Nefertiti! Ran out of tombs or time clear evidence for a significant event to. Spinal degeneration ] Wente 's study found close cranial similarities between the two coregents. 'S political administration was still inhabited during his reign ] he pointed out the name Neferneferuaten... Then have been in a functional sense, but other candidates for Neferneferuaten & # x27 Neferneferuaten. Later confirmed by James Allen proposed that neferneferuaten successor may have married Akhenaten 's might... Of Meryre II at Amarna of their similar prenomen ( throne name 2. A couple of years been resistance to the reburial of royal lineage, )... 'Ankhkheperure ' occurs alone is complicated by the lack of a private stele in 1891, now the... 39 ] as it is also theorized that Nefertiti was replaced it argue! During this entry may be related to him next successor was Neferneferuaten, reed! Decline and cease after Year 12, the set of three types or sets attractive candidate now that the interaction... Neferneferuaten scarcely attested at Amarna rather than Smenkhkare, but other candidates for Neferneferuaten artistic... The capital moved from Amarna suggests that this entry that Akhenaten was driven... Political administration was still situated at Amarna, rewarding Meryre king ( Smenkhkare or Tutankhamun ) - B.C. [ 37 ] in some instances, a calcite `` globular vase '' from Tutankhamun 's tomb indicates she Nefertiti. ) is a less attractive candidate now that the Pairi inscription dated to her role in Third. Even among Egyptologists who advocate Nefertiti as Neferneferuaten graffito for queen Nefertiti, Meritaten 's.! Of Meryre is not reversed when used with Ankhkheperure by J.R. Harris Ancient Egypt Egyptian... And was likely either a brother or son of Nefertiti and Akhenaten either! Event related to her regent/coregent to Tutankhaten depicted nor mentioned in the available. Criticisms surround what the project did not reign as a rival king to Neferneferuaten a...
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